Dr Ian Giles Richardson

Astrophysics Science Division
NASA/GSFC
Code 661,
Greenbelt, MD 20771

tel: 301-286-3079
fax: 301-286-1682
e-mail: ian.richardson @ gsfc.nasa.gov

Present Position

Research Associate, Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland.

Brief Bio

1981-88: Research Assistant, Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College, University of London

AWARDS:

American Geophysical Union, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) "Editor's Citation for Excellence in Refereeing", July 1990;

American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Research Letters "Editor's Citation for Excellence in Refereeing", May 1995;

American Geophysical Union, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) "Editor's Citation for Excellence in Refereeing", April 2004;

American Geophysical Union, Space Weather "Editor's Citation for Excellence in Refereeing", May 2006.

Educational Background

B.Sc. (1st Class Honours) in Physics, Imperial College, University of London, 1978.

Ph.D. in Physics/Cosmic Rays & Space Physics, Imperial College, 1983.
Thesis title: “Spacecraft Observations at 1 AU of Low Energy Ions in Co-rotating Solar Wind Streams”; Supervisor: Dr. R. J. Hynds.

Research Interests

Solar energetic particles, in particular analysis of data from the GSFC experiments on ISEE 3, IMP 8, Helios 1/2, Pioneer 10/11, Voyager 1/2, WIND and ACE, and IC/ESTEC instrument on ISEE 3/ICE.

Solar wind structures including corotating interaction regions/high-speed streams, shocks, interplanetary coronal mass ejections, and low density regions.

Solar cycle variations in occurrence, structure, geomagnetic effects, solar wind composition. Origin of the variation in average solar wind and geomagnetic properties through multiple solar cycles.

Energetic particle signatures of solar wind structures, including cosmic ray modulations by corotating streams and shocks/ICMEs, particle anisotropies and abnormal flows.

In situ energetic ion and solar wind observations in the vicinity of comets.

Energetic ion and electron bursts in the geomagnetic tail, including bulk flows, association with substorms.

Current Projects

Analysis of energetic particle and solar wind data from the IMP 8, Helios 1 and 2, ISEE 3, WIND, and ACE spacecraft

Selected Publications

"Low energy ions in corotating interaction regions at 1 AU: Observations", I.G Richardson and R.D Zwickl, Planet. Space Sci., 32, 1179, 1984.

"Energetic ion regimes in the deep geomagnetic tail: ISEE-3", S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, I.G. Richardson, P.W. Daly, T.R. Sanderson, K.-P. Wenzel, J.A. Slavin, and B.T. Tsurutani, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 275, 1984.

"Drift mirror mode waves in the distant (X=200 RE) magnetosheath", B.T. Tsurutani, I.G. Richardson, R. Lepping, R.D. Zwickl, D.E. Jones, E.J. Smith, S.J. Bame, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 1102, 1984.

"Low energy ions in corotating interaction regions at 1 AU: Evidence for statistical ion acceleration", I.G. Richardson, Planet. Space Sci., 33, 557, 1985.

"Anisotropy of > 35 keV ions in corotating particle events at 1 AU", I.G. Richardson, Planet. Space Sci., 33, 147, 1985.

"Plasmoid-associated energetic ion bursts in the deep geomagnetic tail: Properties of the boundary layer", I.G. Richardson and S.W.H. Cowley, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 12133, 1985.

"Observations of the right hand resonant ion beam instability in the distant plasma sheet boundary layer", B.T. Tsurutani, I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, S.-I. Akasofu, W. Butler, S.P. Gary, E.J. Smith, R.M. Thorne, and R.D. Zwickl, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 12159, 1985.

"Three-dimensional energetic ion bulk flows at comet P/Giacobini-Zinner", I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, T.R. Sanderson, K.-P. Wenzel, and P.W. Daly, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 415, 1986.

"Three dimensional energetic ion bulk flows in the mass loaded region of comet Giacobini Zinner", I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, T.R. Sanderson, K.-P. Wenzel, and P.W. Daly, Adv. Space Res., 6, 213, 1986.

"Energetic ion properties observed near the periphery of the mass loaded flow region surrounding comet P/Giacobini Zinner", C.T. Tranquille, I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, T.R. Sanderson, and K.-P. Wenzel, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 853, 1986.

"Energetic ion observations of a cometary bow shock like structure", C.T. Tranquille, I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, T.R. Sanderson, and K.-P. Wenzel, Adv. Space Res., 6, No. 1, 235, 1986.

"Energetic ion observations during comet Giacobini Zinner encounter", R.J. Hynds, S.W.H. Cowley, I.G. Richardson, T.R. Sanderson, C.T. Tranquille, K.-P. Wenzel, and P.W. Daly, Adv. Space Res., 5, No. 12, 17, 1986.

"In situ observations of cometary pick up ions > 0.2 AU upstream of comet Halley: ICE observations", K.-P. Wenzel, I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, S.J. Bame, T.R. Sanderson, E.J. Smith, B.T. Tsurutani, and R.D. Zwickl, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 861, 1986.

"Simultaneous observations of the near Earth and distant geomagnetic tail during a substorm by ISEE 1, ISEE 3 and geostationary spacecraft", I.G. Richardson, M. Scholer, B.T. Tsurutani, P.W. Daly, D.N. Baker, and R.C. Elphic, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 209, 1987.

"Plasmoid associated energetic ion bursts in the deep geomagnetic tail: Properties of plasmoids and the postplasmoid plasma sheet", I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, E.W. Hones, Jr., and S.J. Bame, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9997, 1987.

"Observations of energetic water-group ions at comet Giacobini-Zinner: Implications for ion acceleration processes", I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, C.T. Tranquille, T.R. Sanderson, R.J. Hynds, K.-P. Wenzel, and P.W. Daly, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 1323, 1987.

"Observations of heavy energetic ions far upstream from comet Halley", T.R. Sanderson, K.-P. Wenzel, P.W. Daly, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, I.G. Richardson, E.J. Smith, S.J. Bame, and R.D. Zwickl, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 125, 1987.

"Energy spectra of energetic heavy ions in the vicinity of comet P/Giacobini-Zinner", I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, V.M. Moore, K. Staines, R.J. Hynds, T.R. Sanderson, K.-P. Wenzel, and P.W. Daly, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 276, 1987.

"Properties of energetic water group ions in the extended pick up region surrounding comet Giacobini Zinner", I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, P.W. Daly, T.R. Sanderson and K. P. Wenzel, Planet. Space Sci., 36, 1429, 1988.

"The CDAW 8 substorm event on 28 January 1983: A detailed global study", D.N. Baker, J.D. Craven, R.C. Elphic, D.H. Fairfield, L.A. Frank, H. Singer, J.A. Slavin, I.G. Richardson, C.J. Owen, and R.D. Zwickl, Adv. Space Res., 8, (9)113, 1988.

"Plasma wave, magnetic field and energetic ion observations in the ion pick up region of comet Giacobini Zinner", I.G. Richardson, S.W.H. Cowley, K.-P. Wenzel, F.L. Scarf, E.J. Smith, B.T. Tsurutani, T.R. Sanderson, and R.J. Hynds, Adv. Space Res., 9, (3)377, 1989.

"Correlated plasma wave, magnetic field and energetic ion observations in the ion pick-up region of comet Giacobini-Zinner", I.G. Richardson, K.-P. Wenzel, S.W.H. Cowley, F.L. Scarf, E.J. Smith, B.T. Tsurutani, T.R. Sanderson, and R.J. Hynds, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 49, 1989.

"Substorms, plasmoids, flux ropes and magnetotail flux loss on 25 March, 1983: CDAW 8", D.H. Fairfield, D.N. Baker, J.D. Craven, J. Fennel, L.A. Frank, I.G. Richardson, J.A. Slavin, B.T. Tsurutani, and R.D. Zwickl, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15135, 1989.

"Low frequency plasma waves and ion pitch angle scattering at large distances (> 3.5x105 km) from Giacobini Zinner: IMF á dependences", B.T. Tsurutani, D.E. Page, E.J. Smith, B. Goldstein, A. Brinca, R.E. Thorne, H. Matsumoto, I.G. Richardson, and T.R. Sanderson, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18, 1989.

"ISEE-3 observations during the CDAW-8 intervals: Case studies of the distant geomagnetic tail covering a wide range of geomagnetic activity", I.G. Richardson, C.J. Owen, S.W.H. Cowley, A.B. Galvin, T.R. Sanderson, M. Scholer, J.A. Slavin, and R.D. Zwickl, J. Geophys. Res., 94,15,189, 1989.

"CDAW 8 observations of plasmoid signatures in the geo magnetic tail: An assessment", J.A. Slavin, D.N. Baker, J.D. Craven, R.C. Elphic, D.H. Fairfield, L.A. Frank, A.B. Galvin, W.J. Hughes, R.H. Manka, D.G. Mitchell, I.G. Richardson, T.R. Sanderson, D.J. Sibeck, E.J. Smith, and R.D. Zwickl, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15,153, 1989.

"Pitch angle distributions of energetic ions in the lobes of the distant geomagnetic tail, C.J. Owen, S.W.H. Cowley, I.G. Richardson, A. Balogh, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 851, 1990.

"The substorm event of 28 January 1983: A detailed global study", D.N. Baker, D.H. Fairfield, J.A. Slavin, I.G. Richardson, J.D. Craven, L.A. Frank, R.C. Elphic, H.J. Singer, C.J. Owen, and R.D. Zwickl, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 1495, 1990.

"Quiet-time properties of < 10 MeV/n interplanetary ions during solar maximum and solar minimum", I.G. Richardson, D.V. Reames, K.-P. Wenzel, and J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, Ap. J., 363, L9, 1990.

"Prompt arrival of solar energetic particles from far eastern events: the role of large-scale interplanetary magnetic field structure", I.G. Richardson, H.V. Cane, and T.T von Rosenvinge, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7853, 1991.

"Theory and observation of energetic ions in the lobes of the geomagnetic tail", C.J. Owen, A. Balogh, S.W.H. Cowley, I.G. Richardson, and B.T. Tsurutani, Planet. Space Sci., 39, 761, 1991.

"The filament disappearance and associated shocks of May 1979", H.V. Cane, K. Harvey and I.G. Richardson, J.Geophys. Res., 96, 19525, 1991.

"On the differences in element abundances of energetic ions from corotating events and from large solar events", D.V. Reames, I.G. Richardson, and L.M. Barbier, Astrophys. J.(Lett), 382 L43, 1991.

"Bulk parameters of water group ions at comet Giacobini Zinner", K. Staines, A. Balogh, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, T.S. Yates, I.G. Richardson, T.R. Sanderson, K. P. Wenzel, D.J. McComas, and B.T. Tsurutani, Adv. Space Res, 12, (8)327, 1992.

"Energy spectra of ions from impulsive solar flares", D.V. Reames, I.G. Richardson and K.-P. Wenzel, Astrophys. J., 387, 715, 1992.

"Corotating MeV/amu ion enhancements at < 1 AU from 1978 to 1986", I.G. Richardson, L.M. Barbier, D.V. Reames, and T.T. von Rosenvinge, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13, 1993.

"Diffusion coefficients of energetic water-group ions near comet Giacobini-Zinner", L.C. Tan, G.M. Mason, I.G. Richardson, and F.M. Ipavich, J. Geophys Res., 98, 3613, 1993.

"Bidirectional ~1 MeV/amu ion intervals in 1973-1991 observed by the Goddard Spaceflight Center instruments on IMP-8 and ISEE-3/ICE", I.G. Richardson and D.V. Reames, Astrophys. J.(Supp), 85, 411, 1993.

"A study of an expanding interplanetary magnetic cloud and its interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere: the interplanetary aspect", C.J. Farrugia, L.F. Burlaga, V.A. Osherovich, I.G. Richardson, M.P. Freeman, R.P. Lepping, and A. Lazarus, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7621, 1993.

"Energetic (> 0.2 MeV) electron bursts observed by ISEE-3 in the deep (< 240 Re) geomagnetic tail", I.G. Richardson, C.J. Owen, J.A. Slavin, and T.T. von Rosenvinge, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13441, 1993.

"Cosmic ray decreases and particle acceleration in 1978-1982 and the associated solar wind structures", H.V. Cane, I.G. Richardson and T.T. von Rosenvinge, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13295, 1993.

"Signatures of shock drivers in the solar wind and their dependence on the solar source location", I.G. Richardson and H.V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15295, 1993.

"Simultaneous observations of solar MeV particles in a magnetic cloud and in the Earth's northern tail lobe: Implications for the global field line topology of magnetic clouds, and for the entry of solar particles into the magnetosphere during cloud passage", C.J. Farrugia, I.G. Richardson, L.F. Burlaga, V.A. Osherovich, and R.P. Lepping, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15497, 1993.

"A survey of bidirectional  1 MeV ion flows during the Helios 1 and Helios 2 missions: observations from the Goddard Space Flight Center instruments", I.G. Richardson, Astrophys. J., 420, 926, 1994.

"Solar activity and coronal mass ejections on the western hemisphere of the Sun in late August 1989: Association with interplanetary observations at the ICE and IMP 8 spacecraft", I.G. Richardson, C.J. Farrugia, D. Winterhalter, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 2513, 1994.

"Cosmic ray decreases and shock structure: A multi-spacecraft study", H.V. Cane, I.G. Richardson, T.T. von Rosenvinge, and G. Wibberenz, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21429, 1994.

"Regions of abnormally low proton temperature in the solar wind (1965-1991) and their association with ejecta", I.G. Richardson and H.V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23397, 1995.

"Average motion, structure and orientation of the distant magnetotail determined from remote sensing of the edge of the plasma sheet boundary layer with E > 35 keV ions", C.J. Owen, J.A. Slavin, I.G. Richardson, N. Murphy, and R.J. Hynds, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 185, 1995.

"Cosmic ray decreases and solar wind disturbances during late October 1989", H.V. Cane and I.G. Richardson, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1755, 1995.

"Energetic (> 0.2 MeV) electron bursts in the deep geomagnetic tail observed by ISEE 3: Association with substorms and magnetotail structures", I.G. Richardson, C.J. Owen, J.A. Slavin, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 48, 657, 1996.

"Energetic (> 0.2 MeV) electron bursts in the deep geomagnetic tail observed by the Goddard Space Flight Center experiment on ISEE 3: Association with geomagnetic substorms", I.G. Richardson, C.J. Owen, and J.A. Slavin, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2723, 1996.

"Particle flows observed in ejecta during solar event onsets and their implication for the magnetic field topology", I.G. Richardson and H.V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27521, 1996.

"The relationship between recurring cosmic ray depressions and corotating solar wind streams at  1 AU: IMP 8 and Helios 1 and 2 anti-coincidence guard rate observations", I.G. Richardson, G. Wibberenz, and H.V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res, 101, 13483, 1996.

"Cosmic ray decreases: 1964-1994", H.V. Cane, I.G. Richardson and T.T. von Rosenvinge, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21561, 1996.

"A statistical study of the electron temperature in ejecta", I.G. Richardson, C.J. Farrugia, and H.V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4691-4699, 1997.

"Helios 1 and 2 observations of particle decreases, ejecta and magnetic clouds", H.V. Cane, G. Wibberenz, and I.G. Richardson, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 7075, 1997.

"What caused the large geomagnetic storm of November 1978?", H.V. Cane and I.G. Richardson, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17445, 1997.

"A comparison of recurrent energetic ion enhancements observed at Ulysses and at 1 AU by IMP 8 and SAMPEX: Ulysses launch until the first north polar passage", I.G. Richardson, J.E. Mazur, and G.M. Mason, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2115, 1998.

"Evidence for multiple ejecta; April 7-11, 1997 ISTP Sun-Earth connection event, D. Berdichevsky, J.-L. Bougeret, J.-P. Delaboudiniere, N. Fox, M. Kaiser, R. Lepping, D. Michels, S. Plunkett, D. Reames, M. Reiner, I. Richardson, G. Rostoker, J. Steinberg, B. Thompson, and T. von Rosenvinge, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2473, 1998.

"The interplanetary events of January-May, 1997 as inferred from energetic particle data, and their relationship with solar events", H.V. Cane, I.G. Richardson, and O.C. St. Cyr,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 25,2517, 1998.

"Interplanetary magnetic field periodicity of ~153 days, H. V. Cane, I. G. Richardson, and T. T. von Rosenvinge, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25,4437, 1998.

"Cosmic ray modulation and the solar magnetic field", H. V. Cane, G. Wibberenz, I. G. Richardson, and T. T. von Rosenvinge, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26,565, 1999.

"A 22-year dependence in the size of near-ecliptic corotating cosmic ray depressions during five solar minima", I. G. Richardson, H. V. Cane and G. Wibberenz, J. Geophys. Res., 104,12549, 1999.

"CIR morphology, turbulence, discontinuities and energetic particles: Report of Working Group 2", N. U. Crooker, J. T. Gosling, T. S. Horbury, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, V. Bothmer, R. Forsyth, P. R. Gazis, A. Hewish, D. S. Intriligator, J. R. Jokipii, J. Kota, A. J. Lazarus, M. A. Lee, E. Lucek, E. Marsch, A. Posner, I. G. Richardson, E. C. Roelof, J. M. Schmidt, G. L. Siscoe, and B. T. Tsututani, Space Sci. Rev., 89,179, 1999. (Reprinted in "Corotating Interaction Regions", Eds. A. Balogh, J. T. Gosling, J. R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow, Space Science Series of the Int. Space Sci. Inst., Bern, Vol. 7, p. 179, 1999.)

"Modulation of Cosmic Rays and Anomalous Components by CIRs: Report of Working Group 5", R.B. McKibben, R.A. Burger, J. Kota, B. Heber, J.R. Jokipii, F.B. McDonald, C. Paizis, M. Potgieter, I. Richardson, Space Sci. Rev., 89, 307, 1999. (Reprinted in "Corotating Interaction Regions", Eds. A. Balogh, J. T. Gosling, J. R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow, Space Science Series of the Int. Space Sci. Inst., Bern, Vol. 7, p. 307, 1999.)

"Origin, injection and acceleration of CIR particles: Observations", G. M. Mason, R. von Steiger, R. B. Decker, M. I. Desai, L. A. Fisk, G. Gloeckler, J. T. Gosling, M. Hilchenbach, R. Kallenbach, E. Keppler, B. Klecker, H. Kunow, G. Mann, I. G. Richardson, T. R. Sanderson, G. M. Simnett, Y.-M. Yang, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, M. Franz, and J. E. Mazur, Space Sci. Rev., 89, 327, 1999. (Reprinted in "Corotating Interaction Regions", Eds. A. Balogh, J. T. Gosling, J. R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow, Space Science Series of the Int. Space Sci. Inst., Bern, Vol. 7, p. 327, 1999.)

"The solar origin of corotating interaction regions and their formation in the inner heliosphere: Report of Working Group 1", A. Balogh, V. Bothmer, N. U. Crooker, R. J. Forsyth, G. Gloeckler, A. Hewish, M. Hilchenbach, R. Kallenbach, B. Klecker, J. A. Linker, E. Lucek, G. Mann, E. Marsch, A. Posner, I. G. Richardson, J. M. Schmidt, M. Scholer, Y.-M. Wang, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, M. R. Aellig, P. Bochsler, S. Hefti, and Z. MiKic, Space Sci Rev., 89, 141, 1999. (Reprinted in "Corotating Interaction Regions", Eds. A. Balogh, J. T. Gosling, J. R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow, Space Science Series of the Int. Space Sci. Inst., Bern, Vol. 7, p. 141, 1999.)

"Corotating interaction regions in the outer heliosphere: Report of Working Group 4", P. R. Gazis, F. B. McDonald, R. A. Burger, S. Chalov, R. B. Decker, J. R. Dwyer, D. S. Intriligator, J. R. Jokipii, A. J. Lazarus, G. M. Mason, V. J. Pizzo, M. S. Potgieter, I. G. Richardson, and L. J. Lanzerotti, Space Sci. Rev., 89, 269, 1999. (Reprinted in "Corotating Interaction Regions", Eds. A. Balogh, J. T. Gosling, J. R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow, Space Science Series of the Int. Space Sci. Inst., Bern, Vol. 7, p. 269, 1999.)

"Bidirectional particle flows at cosmic ray and lower (~1 MeV) energies, and their association with interplanetary CMEs/ejecta", I. G. Richardson, V. M. Dvornikov, V. E. Sdobnov and H.V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res.,105, 12,579, 2000.

"Sources of geomagnetic activity over the solar cycle: Relative importance of CMEs,
high-speed streams, and slow solar wind", I. G. Richardson, E. W. Cliver, and H. V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18,203, 2000.

"CMEs, ejecta and geomagnetic storms", H. V. Cane, I. G. Richardson, and O. C. St. Cyr, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27,3591, 2000.

"Solar-cycle variation of low density solar wind during more than three solar cycles", I. G. Richardson, D. Berdichevsky, M. D. Desch, and C. J. Farrugia, Geophys. Res. Lett, 27, 3761, 2000.

"The influence of tilt angle and magnetic field variations on cosmic ray modulation", G. Wibberenz, H. V. Cane, I. G. Richardson, and T. T. von Rosenvinge, Space Sci. Rev., 97, 343, 2001.

"Sources of geomagnetic storms for solar minimum and maximum conditions during 1972-2000", I. G. Richardson, E. W. Cliver, and H. V. Cane, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2569, 2001.

"Iron charge distribution as an identifier of interplanetary coronal mass ejections", S. T. Lepri, T. H. Zurbuchen, L. A. Fisk, I. G. Richardson, H. V. Cane, and G. Gloeckler, J. Geophys. Res., 106 , 29,231, 2001.

"The nature of fluctuations on directional discontinuities inside a solar ejection: Wind and IMP-8 observations", B. J. Vasquez, C. J. Farrugia, S. A. Markovskii, J. V. Hollweg, I. G. Richardson, K. W. Ogilvie, R. P. Lepping, R. P. Lin, and D. Larson, J. Geophys. Res. 106 , No. A12 , 29,283, 2001.

"Long-term trends in interplanetary magnetic field strength and solar wind structure during the twentieth century", I. G. Richardson, E. W. Cliver, H. V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res., 107, No. 10, 10.1029/2001JA000507, 2002.

"Sources of geomagnetic activity during nearly three solar cycles (1972-2000)", I. G. Richardson, H. V. Cane, and E. W. Cliver, J. Geophys. Res., 107, No. 8, 10.1029/2001JA000504, 2002.

"A simple concept for modeling cosmic ray modulation in the inner heliosphere during solar cycles 20-23", G. Wibberenz, I. G. Richardson, and H. V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res., 107, No. 11, 10.1029/2002JA009461, 2002.

"Are CME interactions really important for accelerating major solar energetic particle events?", I. G. Richardson, G. R. Lawrence, D. K. Haggerty, T. Kucera, and A. Szabo, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(12), 10.1029/2002GL016424, 2003.

"Interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the near-Earth solar wind during 1996-2002", H. V. Cane and I. G. Richardson, J. Geophys. Res., 108 No. 4, 10.1029/2002JA009817, 2003.

"Reply to Gopalswamy et al.", H. V. Cane and I. G. Richardson, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2233, doi:10.1029/2003GL017685, 2003.

"Coronal mass ejections, the tail of the solar wind magnetic field distribution, and the 11-year modulation at 1 AU", E. W. Cliver, A. G. Ling, and I. G. Richardson, Astrophys. J., 592, 574, 2003.

"Energetic particles and corotating interaction regions in the solar wind", I. G. Richardson, Space Science Rev., 111, 267, 2004.

"Identification of interplanetary coronal mass ejections at 1 AU using multiple solar wind composition anomalies", I. G. Richardson and H. V. Cane, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A09104, doi:10.1029/2004JA010598, 2004.

"The fraction of interplanetary coronal mass ejections that are magnetic clouds: Evidence for a solar cycle dependence", I. G. Richardson and H. V. Cane, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18804, doi:10.1029/2004GL020958, 2004.

"The ~150 day quasi-periodicity in interplanetary and solar phenomena during cycle 23”, I. G. Richardson and H. V Cane, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02104, doi:10.1029/2004GL021691, 2005.

“On the Origin and Configuration of the March 20, 2003 Interplanetary Shock and Magnetic Cloud at 1 AU", D. Berdichevsky, I. Richardson, R. Lepping, and S. Martin, J. Geophys. Res., 110, doi:10.1029/2004JA010662, 2005.

“In-situ solar wind and field signatures of interplanetary coronal mass ejections”, T. H. Zurbuchen and I. G. Richardson, Space Sci. Rev., 123, 31, 2006.

“A brief history of CME science”, D. Alexander, I. G. Richardson, and T. H. Zurbuchen, Space Sci. Rev., 123, 3, 2006.

“Major geomagnetic storms (Dst≤ -100 nT) generated by corotating interaction regions”, I. G. Richardson, D. F. Webb, J. Zhang, D. B. Berdichevsky, D. A. Biesecker, J. C. Kasper, R. Kataoka, J. T. Steinberg, B. J. Thompson, C.-C. Wu, and A. N. Zhukov, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S09, doi:10.1029/2005JA011476, 2006.

“ICMES in the inner heliosphere: Origin, evolution and propagation effects; Report of Working Group G”, Forsyth, R. J., V. Bothmer, C. Cid, N. U. Crooker, T. S. Horbury, K. Kecskemety, B. Klecker, J. A. Linker, D. Odstrcil, M. J. Reiner, I. G. Richardson, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, J. M. Schmidt, and R. F. Wimmer-Schweingrubber, Space Sci. Rev., 123, 383, 2006.

“Understanding interplanetary coronal mass ejection signatures: Report of Working Group B”, Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., N.Crooker, A. Balogh, V. Bothmer, R. J. Forsyth, P. Gazis, J. T. Gosling, T. Horbury, A. Kilchenmann, I. Richardson, J.Richardson, P. Riley, L. Rodriguez, R.von Steiger, P. Wurz, T. H. Zurbuchen, Space Sci. Rev., 123, 177, 2006.

“On the rates of coronal mass ejections: Remote solar and in-situ observations”, P. Riley, C. Schatzman, H. V. Cane, I. G. Richardson, and N. Gopalswamy, Astrophys. J., 647, 648, 2006.

“The formation of CIRs at stream-stream interfaces and resultant geomagnetic activity”, I. G. Richardson, in Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, AGU Geophysical Monograph 167, 45, 2006.